General Guidelines in Answering Interview Questions

Everyone is nervous on interviews. If you simply allowthe company’s point-of-view, indicating that you
yourself to feel nervous, you'll do much better.could understand why it happened and you might have
Remember also that it's difficult for the interviewer asmade the same decision yourself.
well.Your stature will rise immensely and, most important of
In general, be upbeat and positive. Never be negative.all, you will show you are healed from the wounds
Rehearse your answers and time them. Never talk forinflicted by the firing.  You will enhance your image as
more than 2 minutes straight.first-class management material and stand head and
Don't try to memorize answers word for word. Useshoulders above the legions of firing victims who, at
the answers shown here as a guide only, and don't bethe slightest provocation, zip open their shirts to
afraid to include your own thoughts and words. Toexpose their battle scars and decry the unfairness of
help you remember key concepts, jot down andit all.
review a few key words for each answer. RehearseFor all prior positions:
your answers frequently, and they will come to youMake sure you’ve prepared a brief reason for
naturally in interviews.leaving.  Best reasons: more money, opportunity,
As you will read in the accompanying report, the singleresponsibility or growth.
most important strategy in interviewing, as in all phasesQuestion 6  The “Silent Treatment”
of your job search, is what we call: "The GreatestTRAPS: Beware – if you are unprepared for this
Executive Job Finding Secret." And that is...question, you will probably not handle it right and
Find out what people want, than show them how youpossibly blow the interview.  Thank goodness most
can help them get it.interviewers don’t employ it.  It’s normally used
Find out what an employer wants most in his or herby those determined to see how you respond under
ideal candidate, then show how you meet thosestress.  Here’s how it works:
qualifications.You answer an interviewer’s question and then,
In other words, you must match your abilities, with theinstead of asking another, he just stares at you in a
needs of the employer. You must sell what the buyerdeafening silence.
is buying. To do that, before you know what toYou wait, growing a bit uneasy, and there he sits, silent
emphasize in your answers, you must find out whatas Mt. Rushmore, as if he doesn’t believe what
the buyer is buying... what he is looking for. And theyou’ve just said, or perhaps making you feel that
best way to do that is to ask a few questionsyou’ve unwittingly violated some cardinal rule of
yourself.interview etiquette.
You will see how to bring this off skillfully as you readWhen you get this silent treatment after answering a
the first two questions of this report. But regardless ofparticularly difficult question , such as “tell me about
how you accomplish it, you must remember thisyour weaknesses”, its intimidating effect can be
strategy above all: before blurting out yourmost disquieting, even to polished job hunters.
qualifications, you must get some idea of what theMost unprepared candidates rush in to fill the void of
employer wants most. Once you know what hesilence, viewing prolonged, uncomfortable silences as
wants, you can then present your qualifications as thean invitation to clear up the previous answer which has
perfect “key” that fits the “lock” of thatobviously caused some problem.  And that’s what
position.they do – ramble on, sputtering more and more
- Other important interview strategies:information, sometimes irrelevant and often damaging,
- Turn weaknesses into strengths (You'll see how tobecause they are suddenly playing the role of
do this in a few moments.)someone who’s goofed and is now trying to
- Think before you answer. A pause to collect yourrecoup.  But since the candidate doesn’t know
thoughts is a hallmark of a thoughtful person.where or how he goofed, he just keeps talking,
As a daily exercise, practice being more optimistic. Forshowing how flustered and confused he is by the
example, try putting a positive spin on events andinterviewer’s unmovable silence.
situations you would normally regard as negative. ThisBEST ANSWER: Like a primitive tribal mask, the Silent
is not meant to turn you into a Pollyanna, but toTreatment loses all it power to frighten you once you
sharpen your selling skills. The best salespeople, as wellrefuse to be intimidated.  If your interviewer pulls it,
as the best liked interview candidates, come off askeep quiet yourself for a while and then ask, with
being naturally optimistic, "can do" people. You willsincere politeness and not a trace of sarcasm, “Is
dramatically raise your level of attractiveness by dailythere anything else I can fill in on that point?”
practicing to be more optimistic.That’s all there is to it.
Be honest...never lie.Whatever you do, don’t let the Silent Treatment
Keep an interview diary. Right after each interviewintimidate you into talking a blue streak, because you
note what you did right, what could have gone a littlecould easily talk yourself out of the position.
better, and what steps you should take next with thisQuestion 7 Why should I hire you?
contact. Then take those steps. Don't be like the 95%TRAPS: Believe it or not, this is a killer question
of humanity who say they will follow up on something,because so many candidates are unprepared for it.  If
but never do.you stammer or adlib you’ve blown it.
Question 1  Tell me about yourself.BEST ANSWER: By now you can see how critical it is
TRAPS:  Beware, about 80% of all interviews beginto apply the overall strategy of uncovering the
with this “innocent” question. Many candidates,employer’s needs before you answer questions. 
unprepared for the question, skewer themselves byIf you know the employer’s greatest needs and
rambling, recapping their life story, delving into ancientdesires, this question will give you a big leg up over
work history or personal matters.other candidates because you will give him better
BEST ANSWER: Start with the present and tell whyreasons for hiring you than anyone else is likely
you are well qualified for the position. Remember thatto…reasons tied directly to his needs.
the key to all successful interviewing is to match yourWhether your interviewer asks you this question
qualifications to what the interviewer is looking for. Inexplicitly or not, this is the most important question of
other words you must sell what the buyer is buying.your interview because he must answer this question
This is the single most important strategy in job hunting.favorably in is own mind before you will be hired.  So
So, before you answer this or any question it'shelp him out! Walk through each of the position’s
imperative that you try to uncover your interviewer'srequirements as you understand them, and follow each
greatest need, want, problem or goal.with a reason why you meet that requirement so well.
To do so, make you take these two steps:Example: “As I understand your needs, you are first
1. Do all the homework you can before the interviewand foremost looking for someone who can manage
to uncover this person's wants and needs (not thethe sales and marketing of your book publishing
generalized needs of the industry or company)division.  As you’ve said you need someone with
2. You might say: “I have a number ofa strong background in trade book sales.  This is
accomplishments I'd like to tell you about, but I want towhere I’ve spent almost all of my career, so
make the best use of our time together and talkI’ve chalked up 18 years of experience exactly in
directly to your needs. To help me do, that, could youthis area.  I believe that I know the right contacts,
tell me more about the most important priorities of thismethods, principles, and successful management
position?  All I know is what I (heard from thetechniques as well as any person can in our
recruiter, read in the classified ad, etc.)”industry.”
Then, ALWAYS follow-up with a second and possibly,“You also need someone who can expand your
third question, to draw out his needs even more.book distribution channels. In my prior post, my
Surprisingly, it's usually this second or third question thatinnovative promotional ideas doubled, then tripled, the
unearths what the interviewer is most looking for.number of outlets selling our books.  I’m confident I
You might ask simply, "And in addition to that?..." or, "Iscan do the same for you.”
there anything else you see as essential to success in“You need someone to give a new shot in the arm
this position?:to your mail order sales, someone who knows how to
This process will not feel easy or natural at first,sell in space and direct mail media.  Here, too, I believe
because it is easier simply to answer questions, butI have exactly the experience you need.  In the last
only if you uncover the employer's wants and needsfive years, I’ve increased our mail order book sales
will your answers make the most sense. Practicefrom $600,000 to $2,800,000, and now we’re the
asking these key questions before giving yourcountry’s second leading marketer of scientific and
answers, the process will feel more natural and youmedical books by mail.”  Etc., etc., etc.,
will be light years ahead of the other job candidatesEvery one of these selling “couplets” (his need
you're competing with.matched by your qualifications) is a touchdown that
After uncovering what the employer is looking for,runs up your score.  IT is your best opportunity to
describe why the needs of this job bear strikingoutsell your competition.
parallels to tasks you've succeeded at before. Be sureQuestion 8  Aren’t you overqualified for this
to illustrate with specific examples of yourposition?
responsibilities and especially your achievements, all ofTRAPS: The employer may be concerned that
which are geared to present yourself as a perfectyou’ll grow dissatisfied and leave.
match for the needs he has just described.BEST ANSWER: As with any objection, don’t view
Question 2    What are your greatest strengths?this as a sign of imminent defeat.  It’s an invitation
TRAPS: This question seems like a softball lob, but beto teach the interviewer a new way to think about this
prepared. You don't want to come across assituation, seeing advantages instead of drawbacks.
egotistical or arrogant. Neither is this a time to beExample: “I recognize the job market for what it is
humble.– a marketplace.  Like any marketplace, it’s
BEST ANSWER: You know that your key strategy issubject to the laws of supply and demand.  So
to first uncover your interviewer's greatest wants and‘overqualified’ can be a relative term, depending
needs before you answer questions. And fromon how tight the job market is.  And right now, it’s
Question 1, you know how to do this.very tight.  I understand and accept that.”
Prior to any interview, you should have a list mentally“I also believe that there could be very positive
prepared of your greatest strengths. You should alsobenefits for both of us in this match.”
have, a specific example or two, which illustrates each“Because of my unusually strong experience in
strength, an example chosen from your most recent________________ , I could start to contribute
and most impressive achievements.right away, perhaps much faster than someone
You should, have this list of your greatest strengthswho’d have to be brought along more slowly.”
and corresponding examples from your achievements“There’s also the value of all the training and
so well committed to memory that you can reciteyears of experience that other companies have
them cold after being shaken awake at 2:30AM.invested tens of thousands of dollars to give me. 
Then, once you uncover your interviewer's greatestYou’d be getting all the value of that without having
wants and needs, you can choose thoseto pay an extra dime for it.  With someone who has
achievements from your list that best match up.yet to acquire that experience, he’d have to gain it
As a general guideline, the 10 most desirable traits thaton your nickel.”
all employers love to see in their employees are:“I could also help you in many things they don’t
1. A proven track record as an achiever...especially ifteach at the Harvard Business School.  For
your achievements match up with the employer'sexample…(how to hire, train, motivate, etc.)  When it
greatest wants and needs.comes to knowing how to work well with people and
2. Intelligence...management "savvy".getting the most out of them, there’s just no
3. Honesty...integrity...a decent human being.substitute for what you learn over many years of
4. Good fit with corporate culture...someone to feelfront-line experience.  You company would gain all
comfortable with...a team player who meshes well withthis, too.”
interviewer's team.1. I’ll be happy doing this work and that’s what
5. Likeability...positive attitude...sense of humor.matters most to me, a lot more that money or title.”
6. Good communication skills.“Most important, I’m looking to make a long term
7. Dedication...willingness to walk the extra mile tocommitment in my career now. I’ve had enough of
achieve excellence.job-hunting and want a permanent spot at this point in
8. Definiteness of purpose...clear goals.my career.  I also know that if I perform this job with
9. Enthusiasm...high level of motivation.excellence, other opportunities cannot help but open up
10. Confident...healthy...a leader.for me right here.  In time, I’ll find many other ways
Question 3   What are your greatest weaknesses?to help this company and in so doing, help myself.  I
TRAPS:  Beware - this is an eliminator question,really am looking to make a long-term commitment.”
designed to shorten the candidate list. Any admissionNOTE:  The main concern behind the
of a weakness or fault will earn you an “A” for“overqualified” question is that you will leave
honesty, but an “F” for the interview.your new employer as soon as something better
PASSABLE ANSWER: Disguise a strength as acomes your way.  Anything you can say to
weakness.demonstrate the sincerity of your commitment to the
Example: “I sometimes push my people too hard.  Iemployer and reassure him that you’re looking to
like to work with a sense of urgency and everyone isstay for the long-term will help you overcome this
not always on the same wavelength.”objection.
Drawback: This strategy is better than admitting aQuestion 9   Where do you see yourself five years
flaw, but it's so widely used, it is transparent to anyfrom now?
experienced interviewer.TRAPS: One reason interviewers ask this question is
BEST ANSWER:  (and another reason it's soto see if you’re settling for this position, using it
important to get a thorough description of yourmerely as a stopover until something better comes
interviewer's needs before you answer questions):along.  Or they could be trying to gauge your level of
Assure the interviewer that you can think of nothingambition.
that would stand in the way of your performing in thisIf you’re too specific, i.e., naming the promotions you
position with excellence. Then, quickly review yousomeday hope to win, you’ll sound presumptuous. 
strongest qualifications.If you’re too vague, you’ll seem rudderless.
Example: “Nobody's perfect, but based on whatBEST ANSWER: Reassure your interviewer that
you've told me about this position, I believe I' d make anyou’re looking to make a long-term
outstanding match. I know that when I hire people, I lookcommitment…that this position entails exactly what
for two things most of all. Do they have theyou’re looking to do and what you do extremely
qualifications to do the job well, and the motivation towell.  As for your future, you believe that if you
do it well?  Everything in my background shows Iperform each job at hand with excellence, future
have both the qualifications and a strong desire toopportunities will take care of themselves.
achieve excellence in whatever I take on. So I can sayExample: “I am definitely interested in making a
in all honesty that I see nothing that would cause youlong-term commitment to my next position.  Judging
even a small concern about my ability or my strongby what you’ve told me about this position, it’s
desire to perform this job with excellence.”exactly what I’m looking for and what I am very
Alternate strategy (if you don't yet know enoughwell qualified to do.  In terms of my future career path,
about the position to talk about such a perfect fit):I’m confident that if I do my work with excellence,
Instead of confessing a weakness, describe what youopportunities will inevitable open up for me.  It’s
like most and like least, making sure that what you likealways been that way in my career, and I’m
most matches up with the most important qualificationconfident I’ll have similar opportunities here.”
for success in the position, and what you like least isQuestion 10   Describe your ideal company, location
not essential.and job.
Example: Let's say you're applying for a teachingTRAPS: This is often asked by an experienced
position. “If given a choice, I like to spend as muchinterviewer who thinks you may be overqualified, but
time as possible in front of my prospects selling, asknows better than to show his hand by posing his
opposed to shuffling paperwork back at the office. objection directly.  So he’ll use this question
Of course, I long ago learned the importance of filinginstead, which often gets a candidate to reveal that,
paperwork properly, and I do it conscientiously. Butindeed, he or she is looking for something other than
what I really love to do is sell (if your interviewer werethe position at hand.
a sales manager, this should be music to his ears.)BEST ANSWER: The only right answer is to describe
Question 4   Tell me about something you did –what this company is offering, being sure to make
or failed to do – that you now feel a little ashamedyour answer believable with specific reasons, stated
of.with sincerity, why each quality represented by this
TRAPS: There are some questions your intervieweropportunity is attractive to you.
has no business asking, and this is one.  But while youRemember that if you’re coming from a company
may feel like answering, “none of your business,”that’s the leader in its field or from a glamorous or
naturally you can’t.  Some interviewers ask thismuch admired company, industry, city or position, your
question on the chance you admit to something, but ifinterviewer and his company may well have an
not, at least they’ll see how you think on your feet.“Avis” complex.  That is, they may feel a bit
Some unprepared candidates, flustered by thisdefensive about being “second best” to the
question, unburden themselves of guilt from theirplace you’re coming from, worried that you may
personal life or career, perhaps expressing regretsconsider them bush league.
regarding a parent, spouse, child, etc.  All suchThis anxiety could well be there even though
answers can be disastrous.you’ve done nothing to inspire it. You must go out
BEST ANSWER: As with faults and weaknesses,of your way to assuage such anxiety, even if it’s
never confess a regret. But don’t seem as ifnot expressed, by putting their virtues high on the list of
you’re stonewalling either.exactly what you’re looking for, providing credible
Best strategy: Say you harbor no regrets, then add areason for wanting these qualities.
principle or habit you practice regularly for healthyIf you do not express genuine enthusiasm for the firm,
human relations.its culture, location, industry, etc., you may fail to answer
Example: Pause for reflection, as if the question neverthis “Avis” complex objection and, as a result,
occurred to you.  Then say, “You know, I reallyleave the interviewer suspecting that a hot shot like
can’t think of anything.”  (Pause again, thenyou, coming from a Fortune 500 company in New
add): “I would add that as a general managementYork, just wouldn’t be happy at an unknown
principle, I’ve found that the best way to avoidmanufacturer based in Topeka, Kansas.
regrets is to avoid causing them in the first place.  IQuestion 11  Why do you want to work at our
practice one habit that helps me a great deal in thiscompany?
regard.  At the end of each day, I mentally review theTRAPS: This question tests whether you’ve done
day’s events and conversations to take a secondany homework about the firm.  If you haven’t, you
look at the people and developments I’m involvedlose.  If you have, you win big.
with and do a doublecheck of what they’re likely toBEST ANSWER: This question is your opportunity to
be feeling.  Sometimes I’ll see things that do needhit the ball out of the park, thanks to the in-depth
more follow-up, whether a pat on the back, or mayberesearch you should do before any interview.
a five minute chat in someone’s office to makeBest sources for researching your target company: 
sure we’re clear on things…whatever.”annual reports, the corporate newsletter, contacts you
“I also like to make each person feel like a memberknow at the company or its suppliers, advertisements,
of an elite team, like the Boston Celtics or LA Lakers inarticles about the company in the trade press.
their prime.  I’ve found that if you let each teamQuestion 12  What are your career options right
member know you expect excellence in theirnow?
performance…if you work hard to set an exampleTRAPS: The interviewer is trying to find out, “How
yourself…and if you let people know you appreciatedesperate are you?”
and respect their feelings, you wind up with a highlyBEST ANSWER: Prepare for this question by thinking
motivated group, a team that’s having fun at workof how you can position yourself as a desired
because they’re striving for excellence rather thancommodity.  If you are still working, describe the
brooding over slights or regrets.”possibilities at your present firm and why, though
Question 5  Why are you leaving (or did you leave)you’re greatly appreciated there, you’re looking
this position?for something more (challenge, money, responsibility,
TRAPS: Never badmouth your previous industry,etc.).  Also mention that you’re seriously exploring
company, board, boss, staff, employees oropportunities with one or two other firms.
customers.  This rule is inviolable:  never be negative.If you’re not working, you can talk about other
Any mud you hurl will only soil your suit.employment possibilities you’re actually exploring. 
Especially avoid words like “personality clash”,But do this with a light touch, speaking only in general
“didn’t get along”, or others which cast aterms.  You don’t want to seem manipulative or
shadow on your competence, integrity, orcoy.
temperament.Question 13  On a scale of one to ten, rate me as an
BEST ANSWER:interviewer.
(If you have a job presently)TRAPS: Give a perfect “10,” and you’ll seem
If you’re not yet 100% committed to leaving yourtoo easy to please.  Give anything less than a perfect
present post, don’t be afraid to say so.  Since you10, and he could press you as to where you’re
have a job, you are in a stronger position thanbeing critical, and that road leads downhill for you.
someone who does not.  But don’t be coyBEST ANSWER: Once again, never be negative. The
either.  State honestly what you’d be hoping tointerviewer will only resent criticism coming from you. 
find in a new spot.  Of course, as stated oftenThis is the time to show your positivism.
before, you answer will all the stronger if you haveHowever, don’t give a numerical rating. Simply
already uncovered what this position is all about andpraise whatever interview style he’s been using.
you match your desires to it.If he’s been tough, say “You have been
(If you do not presently have a job.)thorough and tough-minded, the very qualities needed
Never lie about having been fired.  It’s unethicalto conduct a good interview.”
– and too easily checked.  But do try to deflect theIf he’s been methodical, say, “You have been
reason from you personally.  If your firing was thevery methodical and analytical, and I’m sure that
result of a takeover, merger, division wide layoff, etc.,approach results in excellent hires for your firm.”
so much the better.In other words, pay him a sincere compliment that he
But you should also do something totally unnatural thatcan believe because it’s anchored in the behavior
will demonstrate consummate professionalism.  Evenyou’ve just seen.
if it hurts , describe your own firing – candidly,Good luck in your job search!
succinctly and without a trace of bitterness – from